Abstract: This Element focusses on how archaeologists construct narratives of past people and environments from the complex and fragmented archaeological record. In keeping with its position in
a series of historiography, it considers how we make meaning from things and places, with an emphasis on changing practices over time and the questions archaeologists have and can ask of the archaeological record. It aims to provide readers with a reflexive and comprehensive overview of what it is that archaeologists do with the archaeological record, how that translates into specific stories or narratives about the past, and the limitations or advantages of these when trying to understand past worlds. The goal is to shift the reader’s perspective of archaeology away from seeing it as a primarily data-gathering field to a clearer understanding of how archaeologists make and use the data they uncover.