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The Jewish Encyclopedia represents the pinnacle of nineteenth century scholarship, yet remains profoundly relevant for today’s issues. This publication is the achievement of the Wissenschaft des Judentums—the nineteenth century movement to modernize Judaism and highlights the contributions of Jewish people in the fields of arts, literature, and science. It brings the best objective scholarship to bear on the history and status of the Jewish people in the modern world. Although nearly a century old, this massive reference works contains important articles on history, culture, and more.